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LCD Monitors

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Monitors

Monitor connectors and cables:

Monitors have a variety of connections that offer different quality and features. With resolutions of up to 4K and 8K, the correct cable connection is essential for optimum display.

HDMI vs DisplayPort vs DVI vs VGA vs USB-C

Here's a quick summary of the connection types:

  • HDMI: Audio and video signal - digital connection
  • DVI: Video only, perfect for older systems or for 144Hz at 1080p.
  • DisplayPort (DP): Audio and video signal - can transmit 144Hz up to 4K.
  • USB Type-C: Newest audio, video, data and power connector. Good to add additional monitors without adding additional graphics cards, and where display ports are all used.
  • VGA: Old, legacy video connector. Only to be used when nothing else available.
Additional information on standards

HDMI is backward compatible with single-link Digital Visual Interface digital video (DVI-D or DVI-I, but not DVI-A). No signal conversion is required when an adapter or asymmetric cable is used, so there is no loss of video quality. There are different HDMI standards or versions, and selecting the correct cable for your requirements and monitor is essential.

USB-C monitors may have degraded quality as video may be compressed and may display blurry (compressed) sections. Research these monitors before buying.

VGA is analogue and the image quality is poor compared to digital connections. Resolutions  range from 320×400px @70 Hz / 320x480px @60 Hz (12.6 MHz of signal bandwidth) to 1280×1024px (SXGA) @85 Hz (160 MHz) and up to 2048×1536px (QXGA) @85 Hz (388 MHz).

The DVI connector on a device is given one of three names, depending on which signals it implements:
  • DVI-I (integrated, combines digital and analog in the same connector; digital may be single or dual link)
  • DVI-D (digital only, single link or dual link)
  • DVI-A (analog only)

LCD Monitors:

Thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) is a variant of liquid crystal display (LCD) which uses thin-film transistor (TFT) technology to improve image quality (e.g., addressability, contrast). TFT LCD is one type of Active matrix LCD, though all LCD-screens are based on TFT active matrix addressing. TFT LCD s are used in television sets, computer monitors, mobile phones, hand held video game systems, personal digital assistants, navigation systems, projectors, etc

LED Monitors:

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many devices and are increasingly used for other lighting. Introduced as a practical electronic component in 1962, early LEDs emitted low-intensity red light, but modern versions are available across the visible, ultraviolet, and infra-red wavelengths, with very high brightness. When a light-emitting diode is forward-biased (switched on), electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electro luminescence and the colour of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy gap of the semiconductor. LEDs are often small in area (less than 1 mm2), and integrated optical components may be used to shape its radiation pattern. LEDs present many advantages over incandescent light sources including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved robustness, smaller size, and faster switching. LEDs powerful enough for room lighting are relatively expensive and require more precise current and heat management than compact fluorescent lamp sources of comparable output. Light-emitting diodes are used in applications as diverse as replacements for aviation lighting, automotive lighting (in particular brake lamps, turn signals, and indicators) as well as in traffic signals. LEDs have allowed new text, video displays, and sensors to be developed, while their high switching rates are also useful in advanced communications technology. Infra-red LEDs are also used in the remote control units of many commercial products including televisions, DVD players, and other domestic appliances.

An LED display is a flat panel display, which uses light-emitting diodes as a video display. An LED panel is a small display, or a component of a larger display. They are typically used outdoors in store signs and billboards, and in recent years have also become commonly used in destination signs on public transport vehicles or even as part of transparent glass area. LED panels are sometimes used as form of lighting, for the purpose of general illumination, task lighting, or even stage lighting rather than display.



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